1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword

[39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter. Between August and November of 1838, the Mormons and non-Mormons of Missouri got into a pretty serious conflict. Nearly every one was burned. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. The Missourians had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. Mormon leaders appealed to the state legislature to overturn the requirement that they leave the state, but the legislature tabled the issue until a date well after that when the Mormons would have left the state. Also, the War Maniac investment under the Advanced Arms Category can increase your troop attack. W. W. Phelps (Mormon) / 40.777; -111.858 ( Salt Lake City Cemetery) William Wines Phelps (February 17, 1792 - March 7, 1872) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. [1], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. Mormon is a nickname used by non-members taken from the Book of Mormon, scriptures translated by Joseph Smith by the power of God from an ancient record. A valuable contribution to the study of the Mormon War is A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (Dissertations in Latter-day Saint history) by Alexander L. Baugh (Provo, Utah: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History and BYU Studies, 2000). The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. Rumor reached Far West that a Militia unit from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the Militia out of the county. [77] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter Day Saints fleeing in all directions. Siege of Far West and capture of church leaders. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. [15] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. ISBN-13: 9780826207296. Mormon leader John Corrill wrote, "the love of pillage grew upon them very fast, for they plundered every kind of property they could get a hold of. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three Mormon Wars. . "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). 2) August-September 1838: The Danites aggressively worked to defend the Latter-day Saints against anti-Mormon vigilantes. [13][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A. 780740 226073477 2008-07-16T18:35:16Z Karl Andrews 343115 /* Background */ 226073477 2008-07-16T18:35:16Z Karl Andrews 343115 /* Background */ Several Mormon homes near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow. Beckstorm, Danielle. One contemporary critic of the Mormons wrote: Mormonism is a monstrous evil; and the only place where it ever did or ever could shine, this side of the world of despair, is by the side of the Missouri mob. [70], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. In this 1842 letter, Mormon dissenter George M. Hinkle rashly accused Joseph Smith of plotting to poison the Missourians' water supply. The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri Abstract Review of: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Tensions built up between the rapidly growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. On the Mormon side, Gideon Carter was killed in the battle and nine other Mormons were wounded, including Patten, who soon after died from his wounds. Nearly every one was burned. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. In 1834, Latter Day Saints attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[15]. Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. [16] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. On the afternoon of 24 October 1838, some of Bogart's men, operating independently of Bogart's main command, took two Mormon spies prisoner at a home where the Mormon "spy company" (a group of Mormons who had been assembled to scout the movements of Bogart and other anti-Mormon vigilantes in the area [12]) was quartered. Ebenezer Robinson described the scene at Far West, "General Clark made the following speech to the brethren on the public square:'The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes.'"[90]. [74], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. Mormon leaders appealed to the state legislature to overturn the requirement that they leave the state, but the legislature tabled the issue until a date well after that when the Mormons would have left the state. [105] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[106]. After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[100]. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jones took him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. [16] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. C LeSueur's The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (1986), Alexander L. Baugh's A Call to Faster access than browser! The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain. Lucas tried Joseph Smith and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. [117] Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion especially of the alleged failed assassination attempt by Orrin Porter Rockwell of the Mormon Danites. [53][55] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. It should also be noted that none of the participants in the raid ever cited the order as justification for their actions. Install. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. [1] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. [1][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. Battle of Crooked River.jpg 564 452; 106 KB. On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. Many of Boggs's constituents felt that he had mis-managed the situation, by failing to intervene earlier in the crisis, and then by overreacting on the basis of partial and incorrect information. Executive paralysis permitted terrorism, which forced Mormons to self-defense, which was immediately labeled as an "insurrection," and was put down by the activated militia of the county. The state militia broke ranks and fled across the river. [74] One 19th century Missouri historian noted: "The Daviess County men were very bitter against the Mormons, and vowed the direst vengeance on the entire sect. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. This literature review will focus on the time period from 1838 to 1839, during which the Mormon War took place. [65] Download Grand Mafia Crime City Battle apk 1.0.3 for Android. The Missouri Militia had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. The Battle of Crooked River in late October led to Lilburn Boggs, the Governor of Missouri, issuing the Missouri Executive Order 44, ordering the Mormons to leave Missouri or be killed. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. Most of these refugees settled in or near what would become the city of Nauvoo, Illinois. However, under the leadership of William Austin, the vigilantes refocused their efforts on the small Mormon settlement at De Witt List Price: $35.00. [89][90] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. During early Mormon history, there was a band of clandestine assassins known as the "Danites" or the "Sons of Dan". [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. Sometimes, it's also called the Missouri Mormon War. I was surprised to find out he was mapping Mormon history sites in Missouri as an undergrad. On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. [119] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. And Subsequent Expulsion. McBrier's house was among those burned. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by church leaders including Joseph Smith and also by elements of the Danite organization. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. [1], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. Hinkle, the head of the Mormon militia in Caldwell County, to ride out and meet with General Lucas to seek terms. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. . The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Download Unionpedia on your Android device! Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. Publish Date: Apr 01, 1987. It won the best book award for the Mormon History Association. John Whitmer recounts that Smith bribed the guards. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. [66] According to one Latter Day Saint witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place."[67]. These militias clashed with their Missouri opponents, leading to a few fatalities on both sides. One of the principal points of conflict in the 1838 Missouri Mormon War, the battle resulted in Missouri Executive Order 44, sometimes called the . On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. At issue were not only religious differences, but also . Joseph Smith and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Militia, only one of whom, Moses Rowland, was killed. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. "Porter Rockwell". The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. [108] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. Joseph Fielding Smith - Mormon Pioneer Trail [1] Joseph Fielding Smith, sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the nephew of its founder, Joseph Smith, was born in Far West, Missouri, on 13 November 1838. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. Mapping Mormon History [19], In the eyes of many non-Mormon citizens (including Alexander Doniphan),[10] these settlements outside of Caldwell County were a violation of the compromise. . At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others.I[23] These "dissenters", as they came to be called, owned a significant amount of land in Caldwell County, much of which was purchased when they were acting as agents for the church. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. He printed the first edition of the Book of Commandments that became a standard work of the church and wrote numerous hymns, some of which are included in the . On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jonestook him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. Several Mormon homes near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow. Much of the literature about the Danites is sensationalist fiction, such . When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. Surrounded by the state militia, the mood in besieged Far West was uneasy. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been.

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