aboriginal skin groups

Marriage was not simply a relationship between two persons. Traditionally the Aboriginal family was a collaboration of clans composed of mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, sisters, brothers, cousins and so on. It was not just losing a mother and a father, but generations of mothers and fathers and siblings. "Kartiya" pronounced "Gudia" = whiteman. Discover the World Heritage Sites of the southern states of Australia travelling in a small group tour. This finding raises questions regarding the traditional viewpoint that presents Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples as perhaps unique in the degree of contrast between the complexity of their social organization and religious life and the relative simplicity of their material technologies. Adulthood brought increased status but added responsibilities. It was created in 1996 as part of the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia project and attempts to show language, social or nation groups based on published sources available up to 1994. The cloaks were made from the skins of possums, kangaroos, wallabies and other fur bearing animals. In early childhood, childrens focus was on their actual parents, especially on their mothers, but others were close at hand to care for them. In Australia, children living in remote Aboriginal communities experience high rates of skin infections and associated complications. (For a discussion of the names given to the Indigenous peoples of Australia, see Researchers Note: Britannica usage standards: Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia.). There were overlaps and common themes, but it is important to recognise the diverse range of Aboriginal peoples throughout Australia. Australian Aboriginal peoples, one of the two distinct groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples. People who identify themselves as 'Aboriginal' range from dark-skinned, broad-nosed to blonde-haired, blue-eyed people. Parents were, on the whole, very indulgent. Updates? Light-skinned Aboriginal people often face challenges on their Aboriginal identity because of stereotyping. In 2007-2014, Indigenous Australians diagnosed with melanoma of the skin had an 81% chance, on average, of . Although family, clan and language group totems exist before a person is born, an individual totem will recognise personal weakness or strength or a particular circumstance. The ownership of Dreaming stories is defined by tribal skin groups, but each story may be part of a larger narrative that might also meet up with stories from other tribal groups. The study aimed to investigate ethnic/racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Brazilian federative units and their respective capitals in 2020. These issues may impact on completion of treatment and development of complications in the long term. With no synonyms? Omissions? Notice that your siblings are in the same quadrant as you. It is a complex system that determines how people relate to each other and their roles, responsibilities and obligations in relation to one another, ceremonial business and land. Likewise, mothers sisters were classed as mother. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It is a constant battle with Aboriginal stereotypes. People of African and Australian aboriginal decent have very dark or almost black skin, usually dark or black hair and brown eyes, whilst people of Asian decent have a yellowish skin tone and can have brown or blue eyes but have mostly dark or black hair. Tjamindjung, Kaminjung, Jaminjang, Djamunjun, Jaminjung, Tjerait, Cherait, Cherite, Sherait, Jeerite, Scherits, Tjiras, Tjerratj. Understanding this integral part of Aboriginal society means you can better understand the subject matter and reasoning of individual artists and Aboriginal Art broadly. In 2009-2013, 173 new cases of melanoma of the skin were diagnosed in Indigenous Australiansan average of 35 cases per year. Small group tour for senior couples and solo travellers touring Australia. Circumcision was one of the most important rites over the greater part of Australia. Typically, Aboriginal Australian mobs[1] are differentiated by language groups. Kamilarai, Kamilari, Kamilroi, Kamilrai, Kamularoi, Kaameelarrai, Komleroy, Gamilaroi, Kahmilaharoy, Kamilary, Gumilori Gummilroi Ghummilarai, Cumilri, Kimilari, Kamil, Comleroy, Camel Duahi, Yauan, Tjake, Gamilaraay, Goomeroi, Yuwaalaraay, Gamilaraay. The Pitjantjatjara are classified into moiety groups -our bones or inside and our flesh or outside, but they do not use skin names. Also available are two DVDs about the 1946 Pilbara Aboriginal pastoral workers strike: Sixty Years On: Remembering the 1946 Pilbara Indigenous Pastoral Workers' Strike and How the West was Lost, both of which include Nyangumarta dialogue with English subtitles. not to have a skin classification). For girls, puberty was marked by either total or partial seclusion and by food taboos (also applied to male novices). Coorparoo - (believed to be a clan group) Chepara - also written as Tjipera (believed to be a clan group) Yerongpan - also written as Yerongban or Yeronghan. To Dubbo and back, this small group tour takes you to learn about the Brewarrina fish traps, we travel high up into North Queensland to see the Dinosaurs of Winton and incredible Aboriginal rock art at Cathedral gorge and learn about opal mining and the history of Lightning ridge. These relationships are complex and will dictate much of daily life including the important relationship of whotheycan marry. Normally spelt Kija or Gidja, we believe the correct spelling is Kitja. In common with other Aboriginal societies, Bininj divide the world into halves (moieties), Yirridjdja and Duwa, and Ngarradjku and Mardku. While there is no doubt that only anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) have ever occupied Australia, skulls found in the southeast suggest to some the existence of two distinct physical types. So when an Aboriginal artist who is working in a traditional social structure produces an art work, the content is fully connected to the Dreaming stories and cultural responsibilities of that artist. Geoffrey Bardon writes in his book "Papunya Tula", that in the Western Desert region, all Aboriginal men who have passed through full tribal initiation, own at least one particular Dreaming and become a custodian for the associated stories and songs. Djeramanga, Jermangel, Kanambre, Kolobre Waak, Wulna, Woolna, Jandjinang, Jandjinung, Jakaula, Yandisha, Yandjinung, Yandjining, Yandjinang, Djinnang Djinang, Djinhang, Milingimbi, Wulllakki, Wulaki, Ullaki, Wulagi, Balmbi, Balmawi, Barlmawi, Manjarngi, Manyarrngi, Munarngo Manarrngu, Djimba, Jinba, Outjanbah, Gunalbingu, Ganalbwingu, Kurkamarnapia, Dhangadi, Boorkutti, Burgadi, Burugardi, Dainggati, Dainiguid, Dang-getti, Dangadi, Dangati, Danggadi, Danggetti, Danghetti, Dhangatty, Djaingadi, Nulla Nulla, Tang-gette, Tangetti, and Thangatti, Duwal Dhuwal, Murngin, Wulamba, Yolngu, Miwuyt, Balamumu, Barlamomo, Malag, Marlark, Arrawiya, Banjarrpuma, Bilmandji Dhurili, Durilji, Eo-ra, Ea-ora, Iora, Yo-ra, Kameraigal, Camera-gal, Cammera, Gweagal, Botany Bay Tribe, Bedia-mangora, Gouia-gul, Wanuwangul, Cadigal, Gadigal, Kadigal, Gadjalivia Gajalivia, Gudjalibi, Gudalavia, Gudjaliba, Gadjalibi, Gadjalibir, Burara, Keawaikal, Geawagal, Geawa-gal, Garewagal, Gwea-gal, Khutant, Kareldi, Kutanda, possibly same as, Gureng-Gurengn, Curang-Curang, Curang-gurang, Goeng Goonine, Goorang-Goorang, Goorang-goorang, Gurang, Gurang-Gurang, Gurang-gurang, Gurang, Gureng-Gureng, Gureng-gureng, Kooranga, Koreng-Koreng, Koreng-koreng, Koren, Korenggoreng, Gunavidji Gunaviji, Gunawitji, Gunabidji, Gunabwidji, Gunjibidji, Witji, Gunibidji. 2 = i (where is the identity). Skin infections are a cause of significant morbidity in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Another person is referred to as so-and-sos son or mother. Across Australia, kinship systems vary though are generally made up of between 4 and 8 skin groups. The land is burnt at prescribed times and in a prescribed way to protect that land, the resources on it and the people who rely on and care for both. Travelling through the outback and visiting many of the famous sights as well as off the beaten track locations. Things that are not either Dhuwa or Yirritja are called wakinu. Visiting New South Wales, Northern Territory. Instant family caused by the shared totem. A nation totem is a natural object, plant or animal that is inherited by the large group members of a clan or family as their spiritual emblem. 'Skin names are passed down not from . Aboriginal Totemism; Birth ceremonies, Totems and rites in Aboriginal society (pdf, 187KB) NSW Board of Studies . This article is part of a continuing series of pieces on art, ancient landscapes and Aboriginal settlement of Australia dating back some 120,000+ years ago. (February 2008) Australian Aboriginal kinship is the system of law governing social interaction, particularly marriage, in traditional Australian Aboriginal culture. Generally, a long-standing betrothal, cemented by gift giving and the rendering of services, had a good chance of surviving and fostering a genuine attachment between a couple. We pay our respect to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. Even when Aboriginal people acknowledged a physical bond between parents and child, the most important issue for them was the spiritual heritage. Moiety Names in South-Eastern Australia: Distribution and Reconstructed History. In each group, there is a male and female notation, the male starting with J and the female with N. Depending on an Aboriginal person's skin name they have immediate and predefined relationships with each of the other skin names. Kinship is at the heart of First Nations society. The possum skin cloak, with its thorough mapping of different aboriginal groups' languages, clans, terrain, spirituality and history, has come to symbolize the movement. He knew he would always be safe and welcomed there, and he would never hunt or eat water dragons. Our history, Our land Developing our land and communities Making mining agreements Strengthening our communities Looking After Our Land Supporting Aboriginal Jobs and Businesses Monitoring and Evaluation Our Culture and stories Languages Kinship systems Sacred sites and objects Oral history collection Our publications All Publications 7. Under the crow totem the clan totems include brush-tailed possum, bandicoot, echidna, eastern grey kangaroo, pelican, white cockatoo and kookaburra. Early contact relationships with non-Aboriginal people were very uncomfortable for Aboriginal people since it was unheard of for a person not to be something (i.e. As a representation of knowledge and of place, set down within an existing social structure, art has a function of expressing identity. 6. Generally, these days, artists only paint versions of their Dreamings which are appropriate for public viewing. It uses the group of stars known as 'The Pleiades' as a metaphor to illustrate traditional marriage laws and the protection and power of ancestral spirits. We performed a qualitative study in four remote Aboriginal communiti The Kimberley is explored on a small group tour for mature and senior travelers, couples or singles. Affines (relatives by marriage) were often classified with consanguineal (blood) relatives, and certain terms indicated potential spouses or affines. If a Wiradjuri man from along the Lachlan River with a totem of Birigun or red kangaroo travels to Queensland and enters strange country, once he announces his totem, that group will try to find someone with the same totem and will say, There is your aunty or there is your uncle. [17] The iconic Flinders Ranges of South Australia have a rich Aboriginal heritage and are home to a number of vitally important cultural sites and ancient artworks that this small group tour for mature and senior travellers has the opportunity its to learn about. Kinship terms provided everyone with a ready-made guide to expected behaviour, indicating, for example, the expectation of sexual familiarity, a joking relationship, restraint, or complete avoidance. These are the three groups defined as the Aboriginal peoples of Canada in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2). Once you know a person's skin group you know their relation to you, their obligations, and how they must be treated. An Aboriginal persons position in the kinship system establishes their relationship to other people and to the universe, prescribing their response to other people, the land and to natural resources. The kinship system is a feature of Aboriginal social organisation and determines how people relate to each other and their roles, responsibilities and obligations to one another, ceremonial business and land. Personal totems are chosen by a special incident during pregnancy or birth and may include one of the above. More information. We pay our respects to Noongar elders past and present, and acknowledge their wisdom as the spiritual and cultural custodians of their land. You will never be an only child. The kinship system is a feature of Aboriginal social organisation and family relationships across Central Australia. According to this principle, people who are of the same gender and belong to the same sibling line are viewed as essentially the same. Awabakal, Awaba, Awabagal, Lake Macquaire Newcastle, Aiabadu, Aiyabotpoo, Jabuda, Koka Ai-ebadu, Aiebadu, Koko Aiebadu, Kikahiabilo, Bakanh, Badjalang, Buggul, Bandjalang, Widje, Woomargou, Bundjalung. Stemming from the marriage line the skin groups provide the 'line of life' incorporating totem, songs, dance, dreaming place, ceremony and relationships. Aboriginal communities had the ability to harvest fish some 20,000+ years ago. As girls grew older, they continued to do so, but boys were thrown more on their own resources. Several people are identified by an individual within each classification. It indicates only the general location of larger groupings of people which may include smaller groups such as clans, dialects or individual languages in a group. 3 Times the Aboriginal male suicide rate is higher than non-Aboriginal men. AboriginalAustralia was the original multicultural country with over 500 separate nations each with its own language, beliefs, spirituality and lore. A formal declaration or some symbolic gesture on his part might be all that was necessary. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Bolt is being sued under the Racial Discrimination Act by a group of Aborigines over four articles he wrote in 2009. father, aunt, or older brother. Learn more. There are three foundations from which kinship is developed in Aboriginal communities. Corrections? Climate can adversely affect the skin of indigenous people preferentially living in harsh rural terrains. Community Groups throughout the Pilbara. Totems link a person to the physical universe: to land, water, geographical features and animals. The Gamilaraay language group from New South Wales have a four-section system. The court has heard the articles questioned the motives of light or white . His formal instruction into adulthood began, and he was prepared for his entry into religious ritual. This is the earliest confirmed seafaring in the world. That conclusion is consistent with the argument made by some scholars that the migration of anatomically modern humans out of Africa and adjacent areas of Southwest Asia to South and Southeast Asia along the so-called Southern Route predated migration to Europe. It determines how people relate to each other and their social, ceremonial and land-related roles, rights, responsibilities and obligations. Learn about the history of the people who explored the deserts, from indigenous communities to Europeans, as well as Burke and Wills, visit White Cliffs, Marree and far north Kakadu and the Kimberley. Introduction. Clans are larger than a family but based on family links through a common ancestry. It is truer to say that it was a mechanism Aboriginal people employed to make their dealings with non-Aboriginal more comfortable for themselves, even though non-Aboriginal, through ignorance, continually gave offence under this system. For small group escorted tours of Australia in Queensland, Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia and the Northern Territory a guide on Aboriginal culture for mature and senior travellers. Languages are living things that connect people to Country, culture and ancestors. Ardyaloon Badjaling Community Balgo Barrel Well Community Bayulu Community Beagle Bay Community Bell Springs Community Bidan Community Bidyadanga Community Harold Koch, Luise Hercus and Piers Kelly. For a boy, on the other hand, his carefree life changed drastically with the advent of initiation. Traditional kinship structures remain important in many Indigenous communities today. It has long been conventionally held that Australia is the only continent where the entire Indigenous population maintained a single kind of adaptationhunting and gatheringinto modern times. Infant betrothal was common. The AIATSIS map serves as a visual reminder of the richness and diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia. The Pintupi of the Western Desert also have an eight-subsection system, made more complex by distinct forms for male and female subsection names; male forms begin with "Tj", the female forms with "N". Unlike the system of using surnames, an individual will not have the same skin name as their parents, nor would a husband and wife share the same skin name. These terms did not indicate the emotional content of such relationships, however, and between close relatives the intensity of feeling was bound to be greater (see also kinship terminology). All Aboriginal kinship systems were classificatory, that is, a limited number of terms was extended to cover all known persons. His future was henceforth in the hands of older men and ritual leaders who exercised authority in his community. They are: Moiety - Moiety, meaning 'half' in Latin, is a system whereby everything is considered a half of a whole, and therefore is a mirror of the other. The Dambimangari native title claim was determined on May 26, 2011 with an on-country Federal Court hearing at Cone Bay. Aboriginal people are born with their skin name based on their parents and as such have immediate relationships within their community and their country, relating to both the landscape, wildlife and their associated Dreamings. Small group tour exploring the the North East region of New South Wales for mature and senior travellers. Aboriginal people refer to these children as taken or stolen. Muti Muti, Mutte Mutte, Matimati, Madi-madi, Mataua, Moorta, Matthee-matthee, Bakiin, Madi Madi, Nawalko, Ngunnhalgu, Unelgo, Bungyarlee, Wampandi, Wampangee, Wombungee, Barundji, Ngarego, Ngarago, Garego, Currak-da-bidgee, Ngarigu, Ngarrugu, Ngarroogoo, Murring, Bemeringal, Guramal, Gurmal, Bradjerak, Bombala, Menero, Cooma, Ngunuwal, Ngoonawawal, Wonnawal, Nungawal, Yarr, Yass, Lake George, Five Islands, Molonglo, Gurungada. Article about Aboriginal kinship to assist small group tours in Australia understanding Ancient aboriginal society and the contemporary view. All people, plants, animals, songs, dances, ceremonies and land are divided into two groups, or 'moieties': Duwa or Yirridja. Subsection systems are found in Aboriginal societies across much of Central, Western and Northern Australia. Even before puberty, having already become a knowledgeable and efficient food provider, a girl normally went to live with her husband and assumed the status of a married woman. As part of a broader research project on the impact of childhood skin infections in remote Aboriginal communities located in Western Australia's . Travel, learn and explore about New England's history, the coast, National parks and regional towns in a time capsule surrounding Mudgee. Learn about Coober Pedy, Wilpena pound and water system of Lake Eyre as we explore and learn also about the history of the people who explored the Flinders. Escorted small group tour of the Flinders range in South Australia from Adelaide. Not to be confused with, Maljangpa, Malya-napa, Mulya-napa, Mulya-nappa, Mullia-arpa, Malynapa, Maljapa, Malyapa, Maljangaba, Karikari, Bulali, Bulali, Malyangaba, Mareawura, Mareaura, Marowra, Marowera, Marraa Warree, Marrawarra, Waimbio, Wimbaja, Wiimbaio, Berlko, Ilaila, Barkindji, (Ngaiawang, Ngawait, Nganguruku, Erawirung? In Central Australian Aboriginal English vernacular, subsections are widely known as "skins". Aboriginal Australians are split into two groups: Aboriginal peoples, who are related to those who already inhabited Australia when Britain began colonizing the island in 1788, and Torres. The Ngarla People are the traditional owners of an area of land east of Port Hedland that covers the DeGrey and Pardoo pastoral stations, which spans approximately 4,655 sq km. T he story of the 'The Seven Sisters' is a popular Dreaming that occurs in various forms in different Aboriginal language groups. Aboriginal people differentiate between different 'colours' or skin groups. There are three key words used in describing kinship: moiety, totems and skin names. by grand solmar meal plan. In the spirit of reconciliation Odyssey Traveller acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. For Aboriginal people, birth and death were an open-ended continuum: a spiritual religious power emerged from the Dreaming, was harnessed and utilized through initiation (as symbolic death-rebirth) and subsequent religious ritual, and finally, on death, went back into the Dreaming. This enables each to place the other and to learn what to expect. Aboriginal skin groups. The list does not include Torres Strait Islander peoples, who are ethnically, culturally and linguistically distinct from Australian Aboriginal peoples, although also an Indigenous Australian people. Initiation served as a medium for this, providing a basis of knowledge upon which an adult could build. Kinship is at the heart of Indigenous society. 20 % Percentage of Aboriginal teens not living with either parent. Lip biting and chewing . 4 = . Through observation of camp life and informal instruction, children built up knowledge of their social world, learning through participation while becoming familiar with the natural environment. But he was not among strangers; the relatives who played an active role in his initiation would also have significant roles in his adult life. Under the eagle the clan totems include ringtail possum, red kangaroo, quoll, wallaroo, platypus, quail, barking owl, emu, brolga and death adder. Each half is the mirror of the other rather like the palm and back of the hand. As a novice left his camp, the women would wail and other noises would be made, symbolizing the voice of a mythic being who was said to swallow the novice and later vomit him forth into a new life. They listen eagerly to his stories about the old days. Each of these is represented by people of a number of different groups (each with their own lands, languages and philosophies) through their hereditary estates so many things are either Yirritja or Dhuwa: Fish, stone, river, sea etc., belongs to one or the other moiety. Indigenous refers to people or objects native to a certain region or environment.They may grow there, live there, be produced there, or occur naturally there. Trading routes criss-crossed the nation, dispersing goods, information, technologies and culture thousands, Madjedbebe Archaeological Site, Northern Territory Near the border of western Arnhem Land and Kakadu National Park in Australias top end, Madjedbebe rock shelter (formerly known as Malakunanja II) is the oldest archaeological site in Australia,. It has only been recently that Government policy has recognised the importance of placing Aboriginal children within their own community to keep them connected with their culture. These are set out with the list below with the male name on the left and the corresponding female name on the right -. Eastern and Central Arrernte Skin Names North-Eastern and Eastern Arrertne Skin Names The Stolen Generation is the term used to describe the children that were removed from their families from the early 1900s through implementation of Government policies. Once a person's subsection group is known, their relationship to any other Lardil can be determined. Brisbane South. As part of our commitment to understanding and sharing our knowledge of the history, culture and landscapes of Australia it is recognised that an appreciation of indigenous activity is an important facet of our learnings on Odyssey Traveller small group tours for mature and senior travellers be they a couple or solo traveller in Australia. Escorted small group tour of the Kimberley. It is related to spiritual matters and is very creative in character. Friendships and temperament led many to bend the rules, and at times of heightened emotion, as during conflicts, some broke them; however, repeated flouting of kinship conventions brought censure, since it threatened the social structure. In this study, all cases of atypical . They are also universal, meaning that every member of the society is assigned a position in the system. When two indigenous Australians meet as strangers, one will say to the other, Whos your mob? They are asking where do you come from, where do you belong and who are your family? Each nation and language has its own term for Moiety. (See the chart below which applies to the Kamilaroi or Gamilaroi people). This stewardship consists not only of the management of the physical resources ensuring that they are not plundered to the point of extinction, but also the spiritual management of all the ceremonies necessary to ensure adequate rain and food resources at the change of each season. . Turrbal - also written as Turubul, Churrabool, etc. Life and death were not seen as being diametrically opposed. Within the past 1,5003,000 years, other important changes occurred at the general continental level: population increases, the exploitation of new habitats, more efficient resource exploitation, and an increase in the exchange of valued items over wide areas. Kaartdijin and lore belongs to Noongar people only and is different from other Aboriginal groups. Plants brought to a place by humans from other habitats, or plants . Their cultural rituals including body painting differ between Aboriginal Tribes and topographic location. Subsection systems are a unique social structure that divide all of Australian Aboriginal society into a number of groups, each of which combines particular sets of kin. The skin system manages these complexities, and is the key to understanding how the custody of Dreaming stories is managed in Aboriginal groups, and therefore how it influences the work of artists. In 2011-2015, 25 Indigenous Australians died from melanoma of the skinan average of 5 deaths per year. Discover the the Brewarrina fish traps, Aboriginal art at Mt Grenfell and visit the opal fields of White Cliffs. . For example, speakers of Ngarla use Milangka where Martuthunira use Pal.yarri. Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures. A persons moiety can be determined by their mothers side (matrilineal) or their fathers side (patrilineal). They inform how people are linked to one another and their obligations to one another. Two totems of the Kamilaroi or Gamilaroi nation (people of the Liverpool Plains Narrabri, Gunnedah, Moree) are the eagle and the crow. There are four skin groups, namely; "wantarringuwi" (meaning sun), "Miyartiwi" (pandanus), "Marntimapila" (stone), and "Takaringuwi" (mullet), although each has many sub groups. Thus, terms for lineal relatives, such as father, also referred to collateral relatives, such as father's brothers. For example, the black cockatoo is Dhuwa, while the white cockatoo is Yirritja. Explore the outback by motorbike limited to 8 riders. The following are the eight skin groups listed in Warlpiri. Elopement was often supported by love magic, which emphasized romantic love, as well as by the oblique or direct approval of extramarital relations. As a fathers brother is also identified as father, the latters children will be brothers and sisters, rather than cousins. Australia before the invasion was comprised of 200-300 autonomous language groups that were usually referred to as "tribes", now more often as "peoples", "nations" or "language groups". Hair removal, cicatrization (scarring), and playing with fire were also fairly widespread practices. You may notice whenviewing Aboriginal artworks that the artists names often have recurring or similar middle names, these are in fact, the artists skin names. Paruindji, Paruindi, Paruinji, Paroinge, Barundji, Darawal, Carawal, Turawal, Thurawal, Thurrawal, Thurrawall, Turuwal, Turuwul, Turrubul, Tutuwull, Ta-ga-ry, Five Islands, Thawa, Tauaira, Thurga, Thoorga, Durga, Dhurga, Tharawal, Tadera-manji, Guyanagal, Guyangal-yuin, Murring, Katungal, Baianga, Paienbera, Thurga, Thoorga, Bugellimanji, Bargalia, Moruya, Walgadu, Wolgal, Wolgah, Tumut, Tumut River people, Guramal, Gurmal, Wandandian, Tharumba, Kurialyuin, Murraygaro, Jervis Bay, Weyneubulkoo, Wonipalku, Wanyabalku, Wonjimalku, Pono, Pernowie, Pernowrie, Kongait, Tongaranka, Wandjiwalgu, Wambawamba, Wamba Wamba, Womba, Weumba, Waamba, Waimbiwaimbi, Gourrmjanyuk, Gorrmjanyuk, Wemba Wemba, Wiraiarai, Weraiari, Wirri-wirri, Wirraarai, Warlarai, Wolroi, Wolleri, Waholari, Wolaroo, Walarai, Juwalarai, Walari, Wolaroi, Woolaroi, Ginniebal, Noowidal, Nowgyujul, Waibra, Ettrick, Watji, Watchee, Wikapatja, Wikatinda, Wikepa, Wik-kalkan, Wiknatanja, Wikianji, Mimungkum, Wikmean, Wikampama, Wiradyuri Wiradhuri Wiraduri, Wiradjeri, Wirrajerre, Wiradhari Wirra-dhari Wirradhurri, Wirraijuri, Wirrathuri Wiradthuri, Wiradtheri Wirathere, Wira-durei, Wira-shurri, Wirradgerry, Woradjeri Wooradjeri, Woorajuri, Woradjerg, Wirotheree, Wiratheri, Wi-ra jer-ree, Wirrai Durhai, Wagga, Wongai-bun, Wongabon, Wonghibone, Wonjhibon, Wonjibone, Wongi-bone, Wonghi, Wungai, Wuzai, Wozai, Mudall, Wangaaybuwan, Warrimee, Warramie, Gadang, Kattang, Kutthung, Guttahn, Cottong, Wattung, Watthungk, Kutthack, Gingai, Gringai, Gooreenggai, Port Stephens tribe, Amangu, Badimia, Yamatji Marlpa, Baiyungu (Gnulli Claim), Budina, Gnulli, Malgana, Naaguja, Nanda, Thudgari, Yugunga-Nya, Wajarri Yamatji, Yualarai, Yualloroi, Yowaleri, Uollaroi, Youallerie, Yualari, Yualai, Yerraleroi, Yowalri, Euahlayi, Juwaljai, Yuwalyai, Wallarai, Wolleroi, Walleri, Wollaroi, Noongahburrahs, Yuwaaliyaay, Ualarai, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 13:17.

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