what ideas did sepulveda and de las casas share

Contrast Sepulveda's and Bartolome de Las Casas' view of Native Americans. 1489 CE - 1573 CE. Brookfield, Vt: Ashgate/Variorum, 1998, 159-178. This genocide called the attention of those theologians like Vitoria and Las Casas who were concerned with the morality of the conquest. The argument of Juan Gines de Sepulveda is that of negative feedback to what was experienced in the first encounter of the Spaniards and American Indians in the Sixteenth Century. Get a custom sample essay written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed. In fact, the indigenous population of Hispaniola, the island where Columbus landed, reduced from 250,000 to 15,000 in two decades due to the war and forced labor. Seplveda was denied official permission to publish this treatise completed ca. Only the users having paid subscription get the unlimited number of samples immediately. This, of course, infuriated Las Casas, who had witnessed this "path to Christianization" firsthand. See Quirk, Robert E., Some Notes on a Controversial Controversy, Hispanic American Historical Review, 34 (1954), pp. See also Democrates primus (De convenientia disciplinae milharis cum Christiana Religione dialogus), in Opera, ed. For an extensive analysis of Saint Augustines views on war, see He argues their lack of development, uncivilized nature, and skin color is grounds for Spanish colonization. Juan Gines De Sepulveda felt as if it were the right of the Spaniards to claim dominance of the Native Americans and their On the medieval sources that may have inspired and limited Las Casas's understanding of tolerance, see Moore, R. I., The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Authority and Deviance in Western Europe 9501250 (Oxford: Blackwell Press, 1987).Google Scholar, 34 On Las Casas's sources, see Nederman, Cary, Worlds of Difference: European Discourses of Toleration, 11001550 (State College, PA: Penn State University Press, 2000)Google Scholar, chap. The Indians however, refused to convert to Christianity. all rights reserved, Bartolom de Las Casas debates the subjugation of the Indians, 1550, Located on the lower level of the New-York Historical Society, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Ibid., 19, 22. Deane, H. A., The Political and Social Ideas of Saint Augustine (New York, 1966).Google Scholar. Explain the connection between deregulation and trends such as hostile takeovers and the savings and loan crisis. Cambridge University Press & Assessment acknowledges, celebrates and respects the Boonwurrung People of the Kulin Nation as the Traditional Custodians of the land on ), Juan Gins de Seplveda a travs de su Epistolario y nuevos documentos, Los imperialismos de Juan Gins de Seplveda en su Democrates alter, Some Notes on a Controversial Controversy, The Growth of Political Thought in the West, Le problme de lincroyance au XVle, sicle: La religion de Rabelais, The Political and Social Ideas of Saint Augustine. 2 (1970): 14961CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Tierney, Brian, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law and Church Law, 11501625 (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997), 27287.Google Scholar On the importance of experience in Las Casas's defense of the Indians, see Pagden, Anthony, Ius et Factum: Text and Experience in the Writings of Bartolom de las Casas, Representations, no. He returned to Hispaniola in 1512 as the first ordained priest in the Americas and denounced the Spanish exploitation of the Indians and the military conquest of the New World. If Bartolom de Las Casas was alive today, to which current people might he direct his concern and attention? We have received your request for getting a sample. Columbus, C., & de Las Casas, B. Ibid., 1. relationship with the American aborigines (indigenous people), he naturally turned to Sepulveda as one of the most learned men in his realm. Copying is only available for logged-in users, If you need this sample for free, we can send it to you via email. Forced conversion as can be seen above was both agreed upon and disagreed upon. Nederman, Cary J. and Laursen, John Christian (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996), 10912.Google Scholar. Which question was examined and defended in the presence of many learned theologians and jurists in a council ordered by his Majesty to be held in the year one thousand and five hundred and fifty in the town of Valladolid. An interesting case in point is the Spanish Trinitarian monk, Alonso de Castrillo. 47 De Pauw, , Recherches philosophiques sur les Amricains (Cleves, 1772), 1:168Google Scholar. Who were firmly in control of most of the pueblos of the southwest for 1680? The authorities that the Spaniards relied on were the bible, the church and the beliefs of their King. Febvre, L., Le problme de lincroyance au XVle, sicle: La religion de Rabelais (Paris, 1947).Google Scholar, 34 Sepulveda thought that the Indians were uneducated individuals that were uncivilized in the way they conducted their lives. They were capable of peacefully converting to Christianity, Spains role in the New World was spiritual not political. When he departed the Portuguese court, he left with priests to assist in the national conversion of his, The Opposing Beliefs of Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines Sepulveda The Spanish began colonizing the New World with the intent of spreading Christianity and obtaining land to expand the Spanish Empire. Sepulveda says, Christ wanted men to be compelled, even when unwilling, to accept the Christian religion. The verse Sepulveda references is the parable in which a king has a wedding, but after the kings guests refuse to come, the king sends out his servants to gather everyone they can find in the streets. Another disadvantage for the Native Americans was that they were still weak. However, his victory had no impact on the colonists, who continued to enslave American Indians. There is a scan of the pamphlet on google books: https://books.google.com/books?id=htZdAAAAcAAJ. His efforts to end the encomienda system of land ownership and forced labor culminated in 1550, when Charles V convened the Council of Valladolid in Spain to consider whether Spanish colonists had the right to enslave Indians and take their lands. Hostname: page-component-75cd96bb89-zncjs Gaonkar, Dilip (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999), 179.Google Scholar. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Well, we are talking about two Spaniards that had a totally different conception about Native American Indians. 29 Fernndez-Santamaria, Juan Gins de Seplveda, 450. As a young man, Las Casas had sailed with one of the first Spanish expeditions to the West Indies in 1502. 20. The Spaniards believed that they had a right to rule over the Indians and they had justification for war against them. Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists' property rights. Having learned about Aristotle, Sepulveda relied heavily on the classical distinction between civilized Greeks and barbarians. He won them over by kindness. Barr, Robert R. (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1993)Google Scholar; Lewis Hanke, Aristotle and the American Indians; Alker, Hayward Jr., The Humanistic Moment in International Studies: Reflections on Machiavelli and Las Casas, International Studies Quarterly 36, no. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Cited hereafter as DR. 6 In 1544, Seplveda wrote Democrates Alter (or, on the Just Causes for War Against the Indians). Why did the Zunis attacked the Spanish as the conquistadors approach them? Also, Sepulveda demonstrates through his opinion that war against the Indians . That said, it is also important to recognize how Western modernity, because it is the dominant form, circumscribes how the human is measured, and what this means for its egalitarian principles. In contrast, the Indians were able to learn new ways from the Spaniards such as getting new weapons to protect themselves with, learn about the sciences, record keeping, and the alphabet. By 1492, Isabella of Castile and her husband Ferdinand of Aragn had set the foundations for the unification of the several kingdoms that would later conform Spain. The Pueblos rose across the region and killed the Spanish. Losada, A. Although the text states that they did not kill Mr Wallace because he was a good man and kind to his slaves, they murdered many people leaving nobody behind, including women and children. McRae, Cambridge, 1962). Juan Gins Sepulveda & Bartolom de Las Casas, They were capable of peacefully converting to Christianity, Spains role in the New World was spiritual not political, Indians were a Barbaric Race that entitled the Spainiards to wage war on them. Their first belief that supported their views is that the Indians have many sins, especially idolatry which is seen as going against their God. 2. The four principal traditions supporting Seplvedas scheme are: the universalism of the Stoa, the Aristotelian political theory of the Greek city-state, Augustinian Christianity, and the civic humanism of the Italian Quattrocento. 4 (1992): 34771CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Zavala, Silvio, La filosofa poltica en la conquista de Amrica (Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1947)Google Scholar; Beuchot, Mauricio, Los fundamentos de los derechos humanos en Bartolom de las Casas (Barcelona: Editorial Anthropos, 1994).Google Scholar, 32 In claiming Las Casas is less tolerant than commonly portrayed, I draw attention to the fact that his arguments contain elements of inegalitarianism as opposed to unlimited respect for the Other, and that these elements contributed to solidifying the legitimacy of this assimilationist tolerance of the Other in Modernity. 1254b20, et sqq. A Dominican friar nurtured Las Casass interest in the priesthood as well as his sympathy toward the suffering of the native inhabitants. 3. In 1550, Las Casas debated in Valladolid his views on the American Indians with Juan Gins de Seplveda in front of the Spanish court. Read the introduction and examine the document image. On the details of the debate, see Andujar, Eduardo, Bartolom de las Casas and Juan Gins de Seplveda: Moral Theology versus Political Philosophy, in Hispanic Philosophy in the Age of Discovery, ed. What is the name of the civilization that lived in the four corners region? 4 In 2005, the French Interior Minister (now President) Nicolas Sarkozy used the term racaillea pejorative term which translates as scumto refer to French citizens of immigrant descent at the heart of the suburbs crisis (Nicolas Sarkozy continue de vilipender racailles et voyous, Le Monde, November 11, 2005). A Dominican friar nurtured Las Casass interest in the priesthood as well as his sympathy toward the suffering of the native inhabitants. Bartolom de Las Casas Defends the Indians (1552) The Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas was Sepulveda's great antagonist in the debates of 1550- 1551 at Valladolid. 1545. Ill probably never get this chance again. Las Casas as a proto-scientific thinker and see him as what he really was: a partisan rhetorician.5 Beneath the layers of theology, history, proto-anthropology, jurisprudence and ethics that Las Casas is usually known for, his project is fundamentally rhetorical.6 It was not only against some soldiers, friars or Sepulveda himself that Las Casas . Aqui se contiene una disputa, o controversia: entre el Obispo don fray Bartholome de las Casas, o Casaus, obispo que fue de la ciudad Real de Chiapa, que es en las Indias, parte de la nueva Espaa, y el doctor Gines de Sepulveda Coronista del Emperador nuestro seor: sobre que el doctor contendia: que las conquistas de las Indias contra los Indios eran licitas: y el obispo por el contrario defendio y affirmo aber sido y ser impossible no serlo: tiranicas, injustas y iniquas. I use the Latin-Spanish edition Demcrates Segundo o de las justas causas de la guerra contra los indios, ed. Or if you need this sample for free, we can send it to you via email. 4. Aristotle, Politics 1. Also, Sepulveda demonstrates through his opinion that war against the Indians is a rightful act due to the fact that the Indians are seen as lower beings. Sepulveda asserts Native Americans are natural born slaves and does not view them as human beings. This tract, a summary of a debate concerning the subjugation of Indians, contains the arguments of Bartolom de Las Casas, the Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, and Juan Gines Sepulveda, an influential Spanish philosopher, concerning the treatment of American Indians in the New World. Get access to our huge, continuously updated knowledge base. Angel Losada (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, 1984). 357364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar. It is the purpose of this paper to examine Seplveda's ideas on the nature of the American natives, particularly the question of whether the Indians are natural slaves. Okech, David 42 Brown, Tolerance As/In Civilizational Discourse, 431. 1552. This tract, a summary of a debate concerning the subjugation of Indians, contains the arguments of Bartolom de Las Casas, the Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, and Juan Gines Sepulveda, an influential Spanish philosopher, concerning the treatment of American Indians in the New World. How did it turn out for the Zunis? The Indians acted as serfs and paid the encomendero tribute in gold, kind, or labor in exchange of protection and evangelization. The same Castrillo, however, when describing the dismal and evil manner in which in his own corrupt world greed keeps justice, faith, peace, and virtue in bondage, he uses the word esclavas. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Natural slaves, however, are not quite like animals because although lacking reason they are nevertheless capable of apprehending rational principles. 35 The Indians reacted to newcomers in an aggressive way because of the past harm that people had brought upon their civilization such as bringing diseases which killed hundreds of their population. Three arguments' that Juan Gines de Sepulveda used to justify enslaving the Native Americans were for gold, ore deposits, and for God's sake and man's faith in him. Although human sacrifice is evil, Las Casas declares that indiscriminate warfare is more evil. For details concerning the life and works of Seplveda, see Educated in Italy, disciple of Pomponazzi, translator of Aristotle, chronicler of the Emperor and mentor of his son Philip, Seplveda is best knownand often misunderstood as the defender of the more unsavory aspects of the Spanish conquest and colonization in Americafor his bitter controversy with Bartolom de las Casas. Las Casas relied upon the church and God to justify his beliefs. December 17, 2021 . Only when this supremacy is assured will justice, the highest expression of the Christian political ethic, become an attainable goal. Where might the full text of this document be found? Conflicting Spanish views concerning the Indigenous People of Central America Early 1500's Bartolom de las Casas, Spanish Catholic priest who freed his Indian slaves before writing his History of the Indies, 1528. Real Academia de la Historia (4 vols., Madrid, 1780), vol. Newman, W. L., The Politics of Aristotle (2 vols., Oxford, 1887), vol. The Spaniards however had other plans when it came to subjugating the indigenous people and starving the land of its resources and riches. Sepulveda believed that the Spanish had a right to rule the new world because they were superior. and trans. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. 1290b35-40. In sum, both the Spaniards and the Indians were two very distinct groups of people with different views, but based upon the experiences of other individuals the Indian civilization was seen as barbaric. Mechanics and laborers are not citizens; they may be de-scribed as necessary conditions of the state. 1253b30. hasContentIssue true, Copyright Academy of American Franciscan History 1975. In that year of 1500, the King determined to send a new governor to Hispaniola. By clicking "SEND", you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. Las Casas came to Hispaniola, in the Caribbean, in 1502 with a land grant, ready to seek his fortune. Survivors found sanctuary in Santa Fe and were let go after being kept as captives, How did the Spanish treat the pueblos differently when they later reconquered the area, The Spanish were more tolerant with the natives, How are bartolome de Las Casa's views of the Indians different from those of Sepulveda, Las Casa believes the Indians are not barbaric and rather and more intelligent than we give them credit for. Sepulveda believed that the Natives did not have a developed civilization and were quite similar to savages opposed to humans. Pagden, Anthony and Lawrance, Jeremy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 29091;Google Scholar for a discussion, see Pagden, Fall of Natural Man, 97106. 44 How are bartolome de Las Casa's views of the Indians different from those of Sepulveda Las Casa believes the Indians are not barbaric and rather and more intelligent than we give them credit for. 18 See also Leopold's questions about whether war was the beast means to assimilate the Indians (2527, 76), his belief that the Spanish ought to give restitution for all the goods taken from the Indians in these unjust and cruel wars (28), and his recognition that the Indians have dominium (43, 6869). Historian Anthony Pagden states that the Hapsburg court had appointed itself as the guardian of universal Christendom. DA, 58. Las Casas managed to convinced the theologians at Valladolid that the Spanish policy was unjust and had to change. What year did this debate reach its peak? The significance of the argument of religion was to form a way of life that was seen as a compromise to both sides, the Spaniards and the Indians. On the line provided, write a word, a phrase, or a clause to modify the underlined word in each sentence. which our office in Australia stands. Losada, A., Juan Gins de Seplveda a travs de su Epistolario y nuevos documentos (Madrid, 1949).Google Scholar La qual question se ventilo y disputo en presencia de muchos letrados theologos y juristas en una congregacion que mando su magestad juntar el ao de mil y quinientos y cincuenta en la villa de Valladolid. 32 The Spanish explorer Bartolome de Las Casas and humanist Juan Gins de Seplveda had differing beliefs upon how Natives within the Americas should be converted to Christianity and how they should be treated once their land was colonized. The Zunis fled and were forced to convert to Christianity. The Spaniards wanted to see the Yucatn peninsula in a vision of Spanish ideals and culture preferences forcefully passing on their Christian religion with the idea of expanding upon the Christian religion to cleanse them of their demons. 3 (1954): 35764, for alternative interpretations.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 26 de Seplveda, Juan Gnes, Apologia: Juan Gines de Seplveda, Bartolom de las Casas, trans. 31 Las Casas's admirers are numerous, and I list only some: Gutirrez, Gustavo, Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ, trans. In parenthesis are indicated the places and dates of publication; except for the Democrates alter. However, Juan Gines de Sepulveda supported the belief that Natives were inferior and needed to be colonized, However, other beliefs they held were the complete opposite of the other. It can be said, however, that they are typically Renaissance views, a blend of traditions characteristic of the composite nature of the age's intellectual milieu. We have received your request for getting a sample.Please choose the access option you need: With a 24-hour delay (you will have to wait for 24 hours) due to heavy workload and high demand - for free, Choose an optimal rate and be sure to get the unlimited number of samples immediately without having to wait in the waiting list, Using our plagiarism checker for free you will receive the requested result within 3 hours directly to your email. The Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas was Sepulveda's great antagonist in the debates of 1550- 1551 at Valladolid. Poole, Stafford (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1999), 47.Google Scholar, 28 Bell, A. F. G., Juan Gins de Seplveda (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925).Google Scholar. Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists property rights. The argument of Juan Gines de Sepulveda is that of negative feedback to what was experienced in the first encounter of the Spaniards and American Indians in the Sixteenth Century. They didn 't like the idea of just having someone come over to a place where they were all free and trying to control, Las Casas called for giving the Indians rights, but forcing them to still abide the Spanish Crown. `` and Blood the! Even though the Indians were seen as uneducated because they were different it is in no way a reason to justify the Spaniards goal of waging war against them. 37 Have not found what you were looking for? Secondly, Seplveda acknowledges the supremacy of law in social and political life. Seplveda, a humanist lawyer born in 1490, was an important figure in the court of Charles V where he served as the Emperor's chaplain and his official historian. Then draw an arrow from each adverb to the word or words it modifies\ by Ronald A. Barnett. Explain your answer. (Madrid, 1947), p. 40 The users without accounts have to wait due to a large waiting list and high demand. K.D. Bartolome de Las Casas Defends the Indians ( 1552) The Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas was Sepulveda's great antagonist in the debates of 1550-1551 at Valladolid. 5 Brown, Wendy, Tolerance As/In Civilizational Discourse, in Toleration and Its Limits, ed. Second, the rudeness of the natives which made it necessary for more refined people like the Spanish to educate them. Mcllwain, C. H., The Growth of Political Thought in the West (New York, 1932), pp. Las Casas and Sepulveda shared the assertion that once the Spanish colonized a new land that it was imperative to convert the Natives of that land to Christianity. Answered by GrandStraw6942. 4. The whites were eager to exterminate them, excited to resort to warfare, which is not civil at all. In a letter to Francisco de Argote before 1552, Seplveda reiterates his position on the Indian question. 2 If you need this or any other sample, we can send it to you via email. Margaret Kohn "Colonialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed. Las Casas managed to convinced the theologians at Valladolid that the Spanish policy was unjust and had to change. 33 (1991): 14762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 40 Nederman, Worlds of Difference, 1012. DA, 122. Third, the Conquistadors justified their opinion by their goal of spreading the Christian faith. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado; he was searching for seven cities said to be filled with riches. 5. He states that the Spaniards were wise, talented, humane, and religious. Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists' property rights. 17 what ideas did sepulveda and de las casas share. The lessons from Valladolid, therefore, might help to limit or clarify recourse to such arguments. Has data issue: true Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Colonization is still the end goal of both debaters, and neither really call for the Indians making their own choice on whether or not to become loyal to this colonial power but rather assume the Indians will become part of their, While some might question the sincerity of his conversion, given that it was a condition of military aid from Portugal, according to Northrup, He expressed profound regret that his unfortunate present circumstances cast his religious sincerity in doubt but insisted his desire for conversion was genuine, offering many sound reasons in defense of its sincerity (pg. 7 Studies that explore this theme are Methna, Uday S., Liberal Strategies of Exclusion, Politics and Society 18, no. Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law 1150-1625. His efforts to end the encomienda system of land ownership and forced labor culminated in 1550, when Charles V convened the Council of Valladolid in Spain to consider whether Spanish colonists had the right to enslave Indians and take their lands. Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law 1150-1625. Las Casas, Sepulvedaand the Great Debate. The Spaniards see human sacrifice as an evil act upon another human being, but Bartolome believes that the death of an innocent is better than the destruction of an entire kingdom. It is seen as unnatural to cause war against the Indians for that particular reason. To pay for his service, the Spanish crown granted a conquistador, soldier, or official a piece of land and number of Indians living in a particular area. Seplveda, a humanist lawyer born in 1490, was an important figure in the court of Charles V where he served as the Emperor's chaplain and his official historian. This can be seen in a negative way also because some Indians voluntarily sacrificed themselves and werent subject to do it. Insert commas where necessary. Solved by verified expert. What ideas did Sepulveda and de las Casas share? Las Casas believed that the Natives did have a developed civilization but the only reason Sepulveda was unaware of that fact was due to him having no personal experience with Natives. It was hypocritical of the settlers to call them in such a, In no western country at the time was it ok under civil law to kidnap and murder others, thus over stepping these victimless sins. 24 There is a debate about what Seplveda actually meant by the term natura serva. See Hanke, Lewis, Aristotle and the American Indians: A Study in Race Prejudice in the Modern World (London: Hollis and Carter, 1959)Google Scholar; Fernndez-Santamaria, J. Then, go back to Saki's story, and see if you can find context clues for the same underlined words. Here you will also find the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your research paper well-formatted and your essay highly evaluated. 20. Northrup goes on to explain that Jeleen received detailed instruction in the Christian faith, (pg. The Natives would be treated as real men and given freedom, if they agreed to be converted. In the Apologia pro libro de fisti belli causis written in defense of his Democrates alter after the universities of Salamanca and Alcal had opposed the latters publication, Seplveda gives the following definition of barbarian: Barbarians, on the authority of Saint Thomas, are those men wanting in reason such men must obey those who are more civilized and prudent in order that they may be governed by better mores and institutions. Opera, vol. To that debate Seplveda brought a humanist's training and outlook anchored in his devotion to Aristotle, but strongly tempered by his attachment to Saint Augustine. As a result, the Indians can not be seen as subjects to the more powerful Conquistadors. All translations are my own. Sepulveda looks upon the Indians way of life, such as them not having their own land but sharing it with one another, as a ridiculous notion. Open Document. Hi there! Both men shared that common goal and advocated for it heavily, but Las Casas and Sepulveda did not agree upon the method in which the Natives should be converted to Christianity. Sepulveda rationalized Spanish treatment of American Indians by arguing that Indians were natural slaves and that Spanish presence in the New World would benefit them. Losada, A., Epistolario de Juan Gins de Seplveda (Madrid, 1966), Letter 53.Google Scholar. 10 37 Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights, 285; Cornish, Paul J., Spanish Thomism and the American Indians, in Difference and Dissent: Theories of Tolerance in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, ed. Also, it is seen that he believes that a person is only considered a slave when he/she has taken an oath of loyalty to another. Citing the Bible and canon law, Las Casas responded, All the World is Human! He contradicted Sepulvedas assertions that the Indians were barbarous, that they committed crimes against natural law, that they oppressed and killed innocent people, and that wars should be waged against infidels. and hasContentIssue true, Copyright University of Notre Dame 2010. et passim.Google Scholar Cited hereafter as DA. From the perspective of the historical period in which each of these documents was produced, I believe that the document that Juan Gines de Sepulveda wrote was most persuasive. What did Bartolome de las Casas sail for? The morality of conquest, imposing of Christianity and if it should be violent or peaceful, Encomienda/ Kept the rights of Indians in Spanish minds, Allowed the Spanish to gain free labor from Indians, Proposed that Indians be given a chance to convert to Christianity before war/enslavement, Las Casas saw no end to Spanish conquest, Sepulveda did not see the encomienda system strengthen as Las Casas continued to be a defender of the Indians, Glencoe Language Arts: Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 9, Harold Levine, Norman Levine, Robert T. Levine, Vocabulary for Achievement: Fourth Course, Vocabulary for Achievement: Second Course. All translations of de Pauw are my own. 15 For the Natives it was unreasonable for excess clothing to be worn given the climate, but because the Spanish believed only their version of society was right, the Spaniards forced the Natives to change to adapt to their way of life.

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